US and imperial units are not the same
This is where volume conversion goes wrong most often. Units that share a name differ substantially between the two systems:
- Pint — 473 ml in the US, 568 ml imperial (20% larger)
- Gallon — 3.785 L in the US, 4.546 L imperial
- Fluid ounce — 29.57 ml in the US, 28.41 ml imperial
Curiously the imperial fluid ounce is the smaller of the two while the imperial pint is larger — because an imperial pint is 20 fluid ounces and a US pint is 16. Every unit here is labelled with its system for exactly this reason.
Cooking measurements
A US cup is 236.6 ml, usually rounded to 240 in nutrition labelling. A "metric cup" of 250 ml is standard in Australia and New Zealand, and UK recipes often work by weight instead. If a recipe's origin is unclear, weight is more reliable than volume — particularly for flour, where how tightly the cup is packed can change the amount by 20%.