Which unit you will meet where
- psi — tyre pressures in the US and UK, compressors and pressure washers.
- bar — tyre pressures in much of Europe, espresso machines and diving cylinders.
- kPa — tyre placards in Canada, Australia and Japan, and engineering generally. 100 kPa is 1 bar.
- hPa and mbar — the same size as each other. Weather forecasts quote air pressure in hectopascals, around 1013 at sea level.
- mmHg — blood pressure and vacuum gauges.
- inHg — barometers and aircraft altimeters in the US.
- atm — chemistry, and the pressure of the air at sea level.
Gauge pressure and absolute pressure
A tyre gauge reads zero in the open air — it measures how far above atmospheric pressure the tyre is. That is gauge pressure (psig, barg). Absolute pressure counts from a perfect vacuum, so it is gauge pressure plus about 1.013 bar. The converter changes units, not the reference: a gauge reading converts to a gauge reading. When a specification says "psia" or "bar absolute", subtract atmospheric pressure before comparing it with your gauge.
Exact factors
The atmosphere is defined as exactly 101,325 Pa and the bar as exactly 100,000 Pa, so an atmosphere is 1.01325 bar. The psi follows from the exactly defined pound, inch and standard gravity: 6,894.757 Pa. The torr is exactly 1/760 of an atmosphere; the millimetre of mercury is defined from mercury's density and differs from the torr by less than one part in seven million — which is why both are listed, and why in practice nobody needs to care.